Using Hyperterminal for Serial Communication Delphi

this is the test of Serial Data Sender on Microcontroller by Using Bascom Code on Microcontroller AT-MEGA 16 (posted before this article)

 The program can be interfaced with PC by using HyperTerminal. To open Hyper Terminal can be done as follows:

1.      Start à Program à Accessories à Communications à Hyper Terminal

Picture. Starting Hyper Terminal

2.      Putting name on connection description, the name can be filled by everything, for example “serial comm”

Picture. Putting Connection Name of Hyper Terminal

3.      Press button OK, then it will appear connect to arrangement. On menu connect using, choose COM 1 like the picture below:

Picture. Choosing Port Com

4.      After that, press button OK like the picture below

Picture. Choosing COM 1

5.      Set Baudrate (bits per second), data bits, etc. It can be seen through the picture below

Picture. Setting Rate Baud Property

6.      Press Button OK, so that Hyper Terminal is ready to receive data. Afterwards, connect port serial (DB9) to PC with serial communication pin on microcontroller. Here is the result of program testing on microcontroller used.

Picture. Serial Communication Testing with Hyper Terminal

Serial Data Sender Program Listing on Microcontroller by Using Bascom Code on Microcontroller AT-MEGA 16 (in order to create an serial communication to delphi)

 Serial Data Sender Program Listing on Microcontroller by Using Bascom Code on Microcontroller AT-MEGA 16 (in order to create an serial communication to delphi)

Table. The Example of Serial Communication Program

Source Code	A Brief Explanation
$Regfile=”m16def.dat”	A type of microcontroller used
$Crystal=16000000	Crystal which is used
$Baud=19200	Baud Rate which is used
Print “Test Serial”	Writing text test serial to PC, the next between mark “   “
End	The end of source code

serial communication delphi with mirocontroller bascom

Picture. The Example of Serial Communication Program AT MEGA 16 with Bascom AVR

Afterwards, the program can be compiled, and then it is downloaded to microcontroller with extreme burner software.

the testing of this applcation can be checked on the post  Using Hyperterminal for Serial Communication Delphi

Serial Data Sender on Microcontroller by Using Bascom Code on Microcontroller AT-MEGA 16 (in order to create an serial communication to delphi)

Before program writing that will be downloaded to microcontroller, it needs two additional software: Bascom AVR and Extreme Burner, both demo versions of each software have been included into CD bundle. Bascom AVR has function as software writer to write source code microcontroller programming and compiling process. While extreme burner has a function as source code downloader that has been written by Bascom AVR, then compiling.

Basically, serial communication on AT MEGA 16 with Bascom AVR is easy and simple. It is only conducted by determining baudrate grade used in serial communication. It can be conducted through two ways:

1.      Setting on compiler,   option àcompiler à communication

bascom Baudrate Setting and Frequency

 Picture. Baudrate Setting and Frequency

Afterwards, input baudrate grade and appropriate frequency

Picture. Baudrate Setting and Frequency

2.      Determining manually assembler directive on program created, for example:

$ Crystal= 16000000

$ Baud= 9600

The second way is the way which is used as material for serial data sending practice on AVR-AT MEGA 16

Register Address on Parallel Port

    all pin of parallel port dispalyed as follow:

Parallel Port Registers

Address of each registers on parallel port LPT 1 can be viewed as follows:

Table. Address of Parallel Port Register

Register	LPT1
data register(base address + 0)	$378
status register(base address + 1)	$379
control register(base address + 2)	$37A

Port Serial

serial port

Port Serial

Standard RS 232 was established by Electronic Industry Association and Telecommunication Industry Association in 1962. The complete name is EIA/TIA-232 interface between Data Terminal Equipment and Data Circuit-Terminating Equipment Employing Serial Binary Data Interchange. In spite of its long name, this standard only relates to data communication between computers with computer complement equipment. There are two main stuffs set by standard RS 232, i.e:

Ø  Signal form and tension level used RS 232 was created in 1962, before ICTTL was well-known. Moreover, the tension level determined for RS 232 does not have any relation with the level TTL, even it is said that it is different. Here are differences between the tension level RS 232 and TTL:

Picture. Differences between the Tension Level RS232 and TTL

Ø  Determination of signal types and connector used, and signal structure in connector foot 9. Some parameters determined by EIA (Electronic Industry Association) are

1.      Space (logic 0) tension from +3 V to +25 V

2.      Mark (logic 1) tension from -3 V to -25 V

3.      Tension area from +3 to -3 V is not defined

4.      Open series tension must not more than 25 V (ground reference)

5.      Short connective series current must not more than 500 Ma

A driver has to be able to handle this current without getting broken. Beside describing the tension level like what it has been discussed above, Standard RS232 determines signal types used to arrange information exchange between DTE and DCE.

There are 24 signal types. However, common signal used are usually 9 signal types. Connector used is determined in standard RS 232, for complete signal used by connector DB 25. While connector DB 9 is only used for 9 signals which is commonly used

TD	Transmit Data	For sending serial data
RD	Received Data	For receiving serial data
RTS	Request to Send	A signal for informing modem that UART is ready to conduct data exchange
CTS	Clear to Send	Telling that modem is ready to conduct data exchange
DSR	Data Set Ready	For telling UART that modem is ready to conduct data exchange
CD	Carrier Detect	While modem detect “carrier” from other modem, the signal will be activated
DT	Data Terminal	The opposite of DSR, it is used for telling that UART is ready to conduct communication
R	Ready	For telling that UART is ready to conduct communication
RI	Ring Indicator	It will be active if modem detects quivering signal from phone channel

Those signals 96 are in the direction of DCE and come from DCE. For the signals in the direction of DCE, it means that DTE has function as output and input, for example signal TxD, at the side of foot DTE TxD is output. This foot is connected to foot TxD on DCE which has a function as input. The other way around of TxD signal is RxD. This signal comes from DCE and it is connected to RxD foot on DTE which has a function as output.

Testing conducted by connecting two computers through port serial (port DB 9) is with null modem configuration. Null modem configuration is conducted with 3 data channel: TxD (sending channel), RxD (receiving channel), and ground.

Basically, serial communication inter PC occurs through port serial or DB9. Powerful component which can be used for accessing/serial communication for Delphi is comport. In creating the application of serial communication between two personal computers (PC), it needs two applications, i.e: data sender application and data receiver application. The application that will be created recently is simple application which can be then developed to be more complex application.

Serial Communication

RS232 for serial communication

Serial Communication

If any data parallel port with certain bit is sent simultaneously at one click, data serial port is sent one by one per one bit. The weakness of sending data by serial is that it is more complex rather than by interface parallel port. It is because the data is sent per bit in series, so that the data sending occurs slowly. Nevertheless, this condition can be overcome by high Bard Rate on data sending. Meanwhile, the strengths are:

1.      Cable for serial communication can be longer than parallel, the data in serial communication is sent for logic ‘1’ as tension -3 to -25 volt and for logic ‘0’ as tension +3 to +25 volt. Therefore, the tension in serial communication has maximum tension handle 50 volt. Whereas in parallel communication, it is only 5 volt. This case causes disturbance on long cables which is easier to overcome than parallel one.

2.      The number of serial cable needed is less than parallel one. You can connect two sets of computer equipment with only three cables to configure null modem, TxD (sending channel), RxD (receiving channel) and ground. Imagine! If it uses parallel technique, there will be 20-15 cables! However, in each computer with serial has to spend much more cost, for interface serial is more expensive than parallel one.

3.      Almost all equipments (palmtop, organizer, mobile phone, etc) recently use infra-red technology for data communication. In this context, data sending is conducted by serial IrDA-1 (the first infra-red specification) is able to send data in 115,2 kbps in speed and it is assisted by UART equipment. The charge length decrease 3/16 from standard RS-232 to economize the power

4.      For embadded system technology, there are a lot of microcontrollers completed with serial communication (both RISC and CISC) or serial communication interface (SCI). With the existing of integrated SCI on IC microcontroller, it will decrease the number of an output pin. Furthermore, it only needs 2 main pins : TxD and RxD (out of ground reference)

Data frame on sending serial data AVR AT mega 16 can be viewed through the picture below:

Picture. The Frame of Sending Serial Data for Letter A

In the condition without data (idle), signal is in a high logic. When data is started to send, it will begin by giving start bit signal (St) with low logic as initial sign of data sending, followed by data that is sent (5, 6, 7, 8, or 9 bit). Bit parity has optional character. At last, it is added by stop bit (Sb) which is 1 or 2 bit in number.

Additional Note:

Serial communication between PC and microcontroller can not occur direct by connecting pin Tx on PC with pin Rx on microcontroller and Rx on PC with pin Tx on microcontroller, and pin ground on PC with pin ground on microcontroller.

The level of work tension on serial communication on microcontroller is TTL (0-5 volt). Meanwhile, the level of work tension in PC serial port is from +15 V to -15 V. It happens because there is difference between tension level used for PC serial communication and microcontroller. The level of serial communication tension on microcontroller has to be adjusted with the level of serial communication tension on PC. To do that, it needs the series of converter RS 232. The series picture can be seen as follows:

Picture. Schematic of Converter Series RS 232

Set and Clear Bit Port Parallel

Set and Clear Bit Port Parallel

set and clear bit parallel port

Set Bit can be conducted by operating logic OR into input data by logic grade 1

For example:

Data= 11111110 is operated by logic OR toward data 11111110, so it will be 11111110 OR 11111111 the result 1111 1111

The result is set bit toward the last data.

Clear Data can be conducted by operating logic AND toward input data by logic grade 0

For example:

Data: 11111111 is operated by logic AND toward data 1111 1110, so it will be 11111111 or 11111110 the result 11111110

The result is clear bit toward the last data

On the above explanation, each data is displayed in form of binary (0 and 1), in accessing parallel port, the data is sent in format hexadecimal or decimal. Therefore, the data then must be converted first into hexadecimal format or decimal one if any conversion way from binary data to decimal one is not understood yet. And then, you can click here to create the application converted from binary data to hexadecimal

explaining about pins at connector parallel port DB 25

parallel port explanation

Here is the table explaining about pins at connector parallel port DB 25

To make it clearer, each signals of parallel port can be converted as follows:

Ø  Strobe/Stb:

Strobe signal is a function of input signal on printer. This channel is activated by the computer if it will continue data to printer.

Ø  Data 0-7:

This data signal is an input signal on printer. It is synchronized by strobe charge.

Ø  Acknowledge (Ack):

Ack signal is an output signal from printer. While the printer has processed data received, it gives handshake signal in max 30 microseconds.

Ø  Busy:

Busy signal is an output signal from printer. While the printer accepts the data or prints the data, the signal is activated. Besides, while there are some disturbances or off line status, the signal is also activated.

Ø  Paper End/PE:

Paper End signal is an output signal from printer. This signal will continuously be active until the new paper is activated again.

Ø  Select/Slt:

Select signal is an output signal from printer. By this signal, the printer tells that it has been chosen and activated.

Ø  Auto Feed:

When this signal is activated, the printer at the last of each line will move to the next lines automatically.

Ø  Error:

This output is active if there are any disturbances or the printer is not connected (off)

Ø  Reset:

The printer turns back into the early condition by this channel

Ø  Input Select:

Printer selection as a tool of DTE (Data Terminal Equipment) occurs on this signal channel.

A Brief Explanation of Delphi 7.0

delphi 7 short explanation

Often called delphi, Borland Delphi is a software used to create application based on interface graphic in Microsoft Windows Operating System. Delphi is created by Borland Software Corporation. It has been existed since 1993. The version I use in creating the application in this book is Delphi 7.0

IDE Delphi 7

Integrated Development Environment is a work station used to create application started from designing interface or display, writing source code program (coding), running program (running), debugging, compiling (compile), and spreading application used. IDE Delphi display is pictured as follows:

Picture. IDE Delphi 7

Menu Bar and Tool Bar

Menu bar is an area to pull down menu command. It is a menu consisted of the menu command list. At the left side of command is an icon picturing the function.

Tool bar is a unit of button which can be used conducting a command. The function of tool bar is similar with menu bar, but it is faster to access in running certain command.

Component Palette

Component palette is an area of Delphi component unit. Delphi component is categorized into two: visual component and non-visual component. Visual component is a component existed in the process of designing application or application run, as an example: button component from component palette standard. Non-visual component is a component existed in the process of designing application, but it is not existed while the application is run, as an example: timer component from component palette system.

Form Designer

Form designer, commonly called as a form, is an area of putting components taken from component palette while designing interface application display. Commonly, when you start running Delphi, it will appear form automatically. It can be viewed as follows:

Code Editor

Code editor is an area to write source code application which will be created. In accordance with default, code editor generates some lines which are created by Delphi automatically.

Object Inspector

The function of object inspector is to change property component, chosen in a form. There are two main parts of object inspector: properties and event. There are two columns in each part. At the left column at tab properties are column names and properties, and at the right column is grades filled by event. Commonly, event relates to condition in which source code must run, for example: Form Create, meaning that source code is run while form is created.

Object Tree View

Object tree view has function to display the component list used while creating application. The components are displayed by the tree structure

Component Delphi

Some components which is often used when creating application from component palette